大姨妈30秒止疼法
最佳答案：
Treatment
The goal of the treatment is to provide adequate relief from menstrual pain. General measures for pain control include educating the patient about the physiology of menstruation and the pathophysiology of menstrual pain,reassurance and support. There are three types of treatment for primary dysmenorrhea control: pharmacological,non-pharmacological,and surgical,with pharmacological treatment being the most effective ( [Fig. 2](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10309238/figure/FI190342-2/) ).
[](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10309238/figure/FI190342-2/)
[Open in a separate window](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10309238/figure/FI190342-2/?report=objectonly) [Fig. 2](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10309238/figure/FI190342-2/)
Flowchart on the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Abbreviations: NSAIDs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory; IUS-intrauterine system; LUNA,laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation; PSN,presacral neurectomy.
Pharmacological
NSAIDs: These are considered the first line of treatment. They act by inhibiting COX,which results in decreased prostaglandin production and,consequently,decreased prostaglandin concentration in menstrual fluid,decreased uterine contractility,and menstrual volume. Its adverse effects are uncommon and well tolerated but mainly consist of gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,and heartburn. Other less common adverse effects include nephrotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,hematological abnormalities,bronchospasm,fluid retention,and edema. There is still little evidence on which NSAID is more effective or safer,but,currently,the most widely used ones are ibuprofen,naproxen,mefenamic acid,and ketoprofen. They are most effective when they start before the onset of symptoms and need to be continued for 3 days. Cyclooxygenase II inhibitors are more specific and are less likely to induce duodenal ulcers. Because they cause serious adverse effects,they are no longer used for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.","department":"
